Credits

Site-wide

Prints, drawings and renders on this site are illustrations made for Downstream and labeled as such. None is a photograph, a record of a real storm, or Downstream model output.
Sunrise endpiece and page vignettes: drawings made for Downstream.
Sign-off: the Downstream flag flipbook, 36 pen-and-ink drawings made for Downstream.

Hero: an animated lithograph made for Downstream. Illustrative.
Naples aerial: USDA National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), January and February 2023, via the USGS National Map. Public domain.
Wind field, contours and 1 km arrows: an illustrative field built from land cover in the aerial and from building and road outlines © OpenStreetMap contributors. It is not a forecast or a model run. Streak speed is exaggerated.
The 1 km square: a print made for Downstream from the NAIP survey. A and B mark real neighboring homes of similar build, unnamed. The two house pictures are renders made for Downstream. Streamlines and eddies show the idea and are not computed.

Naples aerial: USDA NAIP, 7 January and 14 February 2023, 0.3 m, via the USGS National Map. Public domain. Averaged to 1 km and 10 m and recolored in the browser; gust values are illustrative.
The six-homes plan is a drawing traced from the 2023 aerial. Values illustrative.

The toy is a plan-view sketch built from simple flow shapes and empirical wakes, with the cell set to 104 mph. It is not Downstream’s model.
The cross-section is drawn to show the shape and is not computed.
The weather-station drawing beside the title was made for Downstream.
Dade County, Florida, after Hurricane Andrew (24 August 1992): photo by Bob Epstein, FEMA News Photo (FEMA Photo Library 2499). Public domain.

Lake Charles, Louisiana, after Hurricane Laura: NOAA National Geodetic Survey Emergency Response Imagery, August 2020. Public domain. Shown as taken, north up. Wind direction: NWS Lake Charles post-storm report. Modifier outlines are illustrative.
Orange, Texas, after Hurricane Laura (28 August 2020): photo by Dominick Del Vecchio / FEMA, via DVIDS. Public domain.
Calcasieu area, Louisiana, after Hurricane Laura (7 September 2020): “HurricaneLauraAftermathLA-13”, 2C2K Photography, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. Cropped.

Hurricane Ian radar reflectivity and station gusts: NOAA NEXRAD Level II, KTBW (Tampa Bay). Public domain.
The standard parametric panel is the Chavas, Lin, and Emanuel (2015) wind profile with storm-motion asymmetry only, run by Downstream and drawn in the same colors.
Modeled gust frames: Downstream’s hurricane wind model, recolored to the brand ramp with the order of the bands unchanged.
Before/after property pairs: USDA NAIP (before) and NOAA NGS Emergency Response Imagery (after). Public domain.
Hurricane Ian aerials, southwest Florida: NOAA NGS Emergency Response Imagery, 2022. Public domain. Modifier outlines are illustrative.
Fort Myers area after Hurricane Ian (29 September 2022): photo by Petty Officer 3rd Class Kruz Sanders / U.S. Coast Guard, via DVIDS. Public domain.

Hurricane Isaias post-event peak-gust footprint: Downstream, CC BY 4.0.
Hurricane Isaias approaching the Gulf Coast, 9 October 2026: NOAA-21 VIIRS (NOAA / NASA Worldview). Public domain.
The station drawing was made for Downstream.

The survey drawing and the exploded house are illustrations made for Downstream.
Before/after property pairs: USDA NAIP (before) and NOAA NGS Emergency Response Imagery (after). Public domain.
Lake Charles before (5 September 2019) and after Hurricane Laura (30 August 2020): USDA NAIP at 0.6 m and NOAA NGS at 0.15 m. Public domain. Shown as taken, north up; registered to a common grid and cropped by Downstream.
Lidar point cloud: Downstream rendering of public USGS 3DEP lidar.
Data: NOAA post-event aerial imagery, USGS lidar, public damage assessments and USDA NAIP.
West Palm Beach demo: multipliers are early Downstream model output. Building footprints © OpenStreetMap contributors, via Overture Maps, and Microsoft US Building Footprints, both under the ODbL.
West Palm Beach addresses: Florida Department of Revenue parcel roll, public record. Aerial backdrop: USDA NAIP, 13 February 2023. Public domain. Shown grayed, north up.
West Palm Beach model inputs also include Meta and WRI canopy height and ESA WorldCover 2021, both under CC BY 4.0, and USGS 3DEP elevation and lidar.

Timeline sketches were made for Downstream.
Dade County, Florida, after Hurricane Andrew (24 August 1992): photo by Bob Epstein, FEMA News Photo (FEMA Photo Library 2499). Public domain.

Appearance of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement.

We love feedback. If you’re working through interesting problems in wind risk, let’s chat.